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| strength = The group's official cumulative total of 500 members in 2002–2007 (many less at any given time)〔 Russian official estimate of no more than 50 active fighters in 2010 (not including supporters)〔(Yarmuk Jammat Regroups after Death of Astemirov in Sign of new Militant Strategy ), The Jamestown Foundation, 8 May 2010〕 | area = Russian North Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia) | partof = | previous = |next= |allies= Vilayat Dagestan Vilayat Galgaycho Vilayat Nokhchicho |opponents = Russia }} The United Vilayat of Kabarda-Balkaria-Karachai (UVKBK, (ロシア語:Объединенный вилайят Кабарды, Балкарии и Карачая)), also known as Vilayat KBK, is a militant Islamist Jihadist organization connected to numerous attacks against the local and federal security forces in the Russian republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia in the North Caucasus. Vilayet KBK has been a member of the Caucasus Emirate group since 2007.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (II), Islam, the Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency )〕 The group drew most of its early members from the Balkars, a small ethnic minority in the republic.〔 However, their long-time leader between 2005 and 2010, Anzor Astemirov (Emir Sayfullah), was a Kabardin. Members come from other ethnic groups, including the Karachays and ethnic Russians. The group was named after the 7th-century Battle of Yarmouk. ==Origins== The group began as a moderate non-violent organization named the Islamic Center in 1993. The group was renamed the Jamaat of Kabardino-Balkaria when it was not allowed to re-register under the original name in 1997. The focus of the group gradually changed because of persecution by Valery Kokov, the long-time ruler of the Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, who labeled all alternatives to the local branch of the Spiritual Board of Russia's Muslims, operating the only official mosque in the republic, as Wahhabis, and indiscriminately and brutally harassed them.〔(The Islamic Jamaat Movement in Kabardino-Balkaria ), ''Turkish Weekly'', 8 April 2005〕〔(Religious Extremism Finds Fertile Ground ), ''St. Petersburg Times'', October 18, 2005〕〔(Nalchik Indictment Rewrites Recent History ), Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, April 16, 2009〕 Yarmuk was originally founded as a unit of around 30 Balkars and Kabardinians led by Muslim Atayev (Emir Sayfullah), which trained at the Chechen warlord Ruslan Gelayev's camp in Pankisi Gorge, Georgia. In 2002 the group helped Gelayev's forces in a raid of the village of Galashki in the Republic of Ingushetia. Upon their return to Kabardino-Balkaria, Atayev and his men launched a recruitment drive among alienated and radicalized youth.〔〔〔〔 Mounting pressure from a continued crackdown led the group's leader, Mussa Mukozhoyev (Musa Mukozhev), to join the underground. Many local young radicals had joined the Islamic Peacekeeping Army that invaded the republic of Dagestan from Chechnya in 1999 or fought on the Chechen separatist side in the Second Chechen War. Radical Chechen commander Shamil Basayev maintained close ties with the local Salafis, living in the town of Baksan for more than a month in 2003, before narrowly escaping a police raid. An Ingush would-be suicide bomber, Zarema Muzhakhoyeva, lived in the republic's capital of Nalchik before going on a failed suicide mission to Moscow. A Nalchik resident housed the alleged organizer of the August 2004 bombing in the Moscow metro.〔〔(Renewed Fears of Militancy in Kabardino-Balkaria ), Institute for War and Peace Reporting, 6 Jul 06〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Vilayat of Kabarda, Balkaria and Karachay」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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